Ko te tono wawe o te ultrasound i roto i te koiora matū ko te pakaru i te pakitara o te pūtau ki te ultrasound hei tuku i ona ihirangi.Kua whakaatuhia e nga rangahau o muri mai ka taea e te ultrasound iti-kaha te whakatairanga i te tukanga tauhohenga koiora.Hei tauira, ka taea e te irradiation ultrasonic o te turanga matūkai wai te whakanui ake i te tere o te tipu o nga pūtau algal, na reira ka piki ake te nui o te pūmua i hangaia e enei pūtau e toru nga wa.

Whakaritea ki te kiato pūngao o cavitation mirumiru tiango tiango, te kiato pūngao o te mara tangi ultrasonic kua whakanuia e trillions o nga wa, hua i roto i te kukū nui o te pūngao;Ko nga ahuatanga Sonochemical me te sonoluminescence na te nui o te pāmahana me te pehanga i puta mai i nga mirumiru cavitation he momo ahurei o te kaha me te whakawhiti rauemi i roto i te sonochemistry.Na reira, he nui ake te mahi a te ultrasound i roto i te tangohanga matū, te hanga biodiesel, te whakahiato pararopi, te maimoatanga microbial, te whakahekenga o nga parahanga waro paitini, te tere tauhohenga matū me te tuku, te pai o te catalytic o te whakakorikori, te maimoatanga biodegradation, te aukati i te tauine ultrasonic me te tango, te kuru o te pūtau koiora. , te marara me te whakahiato, me te tauhohenga sonochemical.

1. ultrasonic whakarei matū tauhohenga.

Te iratuki i te tauhohenga matū whakarei.Ko te kaha taraiwa matua ko te cavitation ultrasonic.Ko te tiango o te cavitating mirumiru matua ka whakaputa i te paemahana teitei o te rohe, te pehanga teitei me te paanga kaha me te jet moroiti, e whakarato ana i te taiao tinana hou me te tino motuhake mo nga tauhohenga matū he uaua, kaore ranei e taea te whakatutuki i raro i nga tikanga noa.

2. Ultrasonic catalytic tauhohenga.

Ka rite ki te mara rangahau hou, ultrasonic catalytic tauhohenga kua kukume atu me te ake hiahia.Ko nga hua matua o te ultrasound ki te tauhohenga catalytic ko:

(1) Ko te teitei o te pāmahana me te pehanga teitei e pai ana ki te pakaru o nga tauhohenga ki roto i nga rauropi kore utu me te waro divalent, ka nui ake nga momo tauhohenga kaha;

(2) Ko te ngaru ohorere me te moroiti jet he paheketanga me te horoi i runga i te mata totoka (pērā i te whakakōkī), ka taea te tango i nga hua tauhohenga mata, nga takawaenga ranei me te paparanga passivation mata whakakōkī;

(3) Ka taea e te ngaru ohorere te whakangaro i te hanganga tauhohenga

(4) Pūnaha tauhohenga marara;

(5) Ka whakakorehia e te cavitation ultrasonic te mata whakarewa, a, ko te ngaru ohorere e arai ana ki te whakarereketanga o te raima whakarewa me te hanganga o te rohe riaka o roto, e pai ake ai te mahi tauhohenga matū o te whakarewa;

6) Te whakatairanga i te whakarewa ki te kuhu ki roto ki te totoka ki te whakaputa i te tauhohenga whakaurunga e kiia nei;

(7) No te haamaitai i te dispersion o te catalyst, e faaohipa-pinepine-hia te ultrasonic i roto i te faaineineraa i te catalyst.Ka taea e te irradiation Ultrasonic te whakanui ake i te mata o te catalyst, ka marara atu nga waahanga kaha me te whakarei ake i te mahi catalytic.

3. Ultrasonic polymer matū

Ko te tono o te matū polymer pai ultrasonic kua aro nui.Ka taea e te maimoatanga Ultrasonic te whakaheke i nga macromolecules, ina koa nga polymers taumaha teitei.Ko te cellulose, te gelatin, te rapa me te pūmua ka taea te whakaheke i te maimoatanga ultrasonic.I tenei wa, i te nuinga o te wa e whakaponohia ana ko te tikanga whakahekenga ultrasonic na te kaha o te kaha me te pehanga teitei i te wa e pakaru ana te mirumiru cavitation, a ko tetahi atu waahanga o te whakahekenga na te paanga o te wera.I raro i etahi tikanga, ka taea hoki e te ultrasound hiko te timata te polymerization.Ka taea e te irradiation ultrasound kaha te timata i te copolymerization o te waipiro polyvinyl me te acrylonitrile ki te whakarite copolymers poraka, me te copolymerization o te polyvinyl acetate me te polyethylene oxide ki te hanga copolymers graft.

4. Hangarau tauhohenga matū hou kua whakareihia e te mara ultrasonic

Ko te huinga o te hangarau tauhohenga matū hou me te whakarei ake i te mara ultrasonic ko tetahi atu ahunga whanaketanga pea i roto i te mara o te matū ultrasonic.Hei tauira, ka whakamahia te wai supercritical hei reo, ka whakamahia te mara ultrasonic hei whakapakari i te tauhohenga catalytic.Hei tauira, he rite te kiato o te wē supercritical ki te wai me te whakarea pokey me te diffusion he rite ki te hau, na reira ka rite te rewa ki te wai me tona kaha whakawhiti papatipu rite ki te hau.Ka taea te whakapai ake i te whakakorenga o te whakakōkī heterogeneous mā te whakamahi i te wairewa pai me ngā āhuatanga tūringiringi o te wē supercritical, engari he mea kore ko te huka i runga i te keke mena ka taea te whakamahi mara ultrasonic hei whakapakari.Ko te ngaru ohorere me te miihini miihini i hangaia e te cavitation ultrasonic e kore e taea anake te whakarei ake i te wē supercritical ki te whakakore i etahi matū e arahi ana ki te whakakore i te whakakorikori, te mahi i te desorption me te horoi, me te pupuri i te whakakorikori mo te wa roa, engari ka takaro ano hoki i te Ko te mahi o te whakakorikori, ka taea te whakamarara i te punaha tauhohenga, me te hanga i te reiti whakawhiti papatipu o te tauhohenga matū wē supercritical ki te taumata teitei.I tua atu, ko te teitei o te wera me te kaha teitei i te waahi o te rohe i hangaia e te cavitation ultrasonic ka pai ki te pakaru o nga reactants ki roto i nga rauropi kore utu me te tere tere i te tere o te tauhohenga.I tenei wa, he maha nga rangahau mo te tauhohenga matū o te wai supercritical, engari he iti noa nga rangahau mo te whakarei ake i taua tauhohenga na te mara ultrasonic.

5. tono o te mana nui ultrasonic i roto i te hanga biodiesel

Ko te mea matua ki te whakarite i te koiora ko te whakawhiti i te whakamaaramatanga o te glyceride waikawa ngako me te methanol me etahi atu waipiro waro-iti.Ka taea e te ultrasound te whakakaha i te tauhohenga transesterification, ina koa mo nga punaha tauhohe rerekee, ka tino whakarei ake i te ranunga (emulsification) me te whakatairanga i te tauhohenga whakangao ngota, kia tika ai te tauhohenga i te tuatahi kia mahia i raro i te pāmahana teitei (pehanga teitei). Ka taea te whakaoti i te pāmahana rūma (he tata ranei ki te pāmahana rūma), Ka whakapotohia te wa tauhohenga.Ko te ngaru Ultrasonic e kore e whakamahia anake i roto i te tukanga transesterification, engari ano hoki i roto i te wehenga o te ranunga tauhohenga.Ko nga kairangahau mai i te Whare Wananga o Mississippi State i te United States i whakamahia te tukatuka ultrasonic i roto i te hanga o te biodiesel.Ko te hua o te biodiesel i neke ake i te 99% i roto i te 5 meneti, i te wa neke atu i te 1 haora te roa o te punaha reactor tikanga.